AVALON
The Theosophy
King Arthur Pages
King
Arthur’s
Marriage
to Guinevere
Chronology of
in the 5th Century CE
402 Events on
the continent force Stilicho to recall one of the two
British legions to assist with the defense of
403 Victricius, Bishop of
over the
Pelagian heresy.
405 The
British troops, which had been recalled to assist Stilicho,
do not return to Britain as they have to stay in Italy to fight off another,
deeper penetration by the barbarian chieftain,Radagaisus.
406 In early January, 406, a combined barbarian force (Suevi, Alans, Vandals & Burgundians) sweep into central
immediately assassinated.
407 In place
of the assassinated Marcus, Gratian is elevated
"to the purple," but lasts only four months. Constantine III is
hailed as the new
emperor by Roman garrison in Britian.
He proceeds to follow the example of Magnus Maximus
by withdrawing the remaining Roman legion, the Second
408 With both Roman legions withdrawn, Britain endures
devastating attacks by the Picts, Scots and Saxons.
409 Prosper,
in his chronicle, says, "in the fifteenth year of
Honorius and Arcadius
(409), on account of the languishing state of the Romans, the strength of the
Britons was brought to a desperate pass."
Under enormous
pressure, Britons take matters into their own hands, expelling weak Roman
officials and fighting for themselves.
410
413 Pelagian heresy said to have begun, by Prosper (Tiro) of
420 – 30 Pelagian heresy is outlawed in
support Roman church. During this time, according to
421 Honorius issues a decree forbidding any Pelagians
to come nearer to
429 At the request of Palladius, a
British deacon, Pope Celestine I dispatches bishops Germanus
of Auxerre and Lupus of
c. 432
Traditional dating for the beginning of St. Patrick's mission to
c. 438 Birth
of Ambrosius Aurelianus,
scion of the leading Romano-British family on the island.
c. 440 – 50
Period of civil war and famine in Britain, caused by ruling council's weakness
and inability to deal with Pictish invasions;
situation
aggravated by tensions between Pelagian/Roman
factions. Vacated towns and cities in ruin. Migration
of pro-Roman citizens toward west. Country beginning to be
divided, geographically, along factional lines.
c. 441 Gallic
Chronicle records, prematurely, that "
c. 445 Vortigern comes to power in
446 Britons
(probably the pro-Roman party) appeal to Aetius, Roman
governor of
c. 446 Vortigern authorizes the use of Saxon mercenaries, known as
foederati, for the defense of the northern parts
against barbarian attack.
To guard
against further Irish incursions, Cunedda and his
sons are moved from Manau Gododdin
in northern
447 Second
visit of St. Germanus (this time accompanied by Severus, Bishop of
c. 447 Britons,
aroused to heroic effort, "inflicted a massacre" on their enemies,
the Picts and Irish, and are left in peace, for a
brief time. Could this heroic effort have been led, again, by St. Germanus?
c. 448 Death of St. Germanus in
c. 450 In the first year of Marcian and Valentinian, Hengest arrives on
shores of
c. 452
Increasing Saxon settlement
in
lands, to defend against the Picts.
Picts never heard from, again.
c. 453
Increasing Saxon unrest. Raids on
British towns and cities becoming more frequent.
c. 456 Probably fictitious, but entirely believable, event in which
Saxons massacre 300 leading British noblemen at phony "peace"
conference.
Ambrosius' father, who may have been the leader of the
pro-Roman faction, is probably killed either during the Saxon uprising or this
massacre.
c. 457 Death
of Vortigern. Vitalinus (Guitolinus) new leader of pro-Celtic Pelagian faction. Battle of Aylesford
(Kent) in which Ambrosius, along
with sons of Vortigern, Vortimer and Cateyrn, defeat Hengest for the first time.
c. 458 Saxon
uprising in full-swing. Hengest finally conquers
c. 458 – 60
Full-scale migration of British aristocrats and
city-dwellers across the
c. 460 – 70 Ambrosius Aurelianus takes full
control of the pro-Roman faction and British resistance effort; leads Britons
in years of back-and-forth fighting with Saxons. British strategy seems to have
been to allow Saxon landings and to then contain them, there.
c. 465 Arthur
probably born around this time.
c. 466 Battle
of Wippedesfleot, in which Saxons defeat Britons, but
with great slaughter on both sides. Mutual "disgust and sorrow"
results in a
respite from fighting "for a long time."
c. 466 – 73
Period of minimal Saxon activity. Refortification of ancient hillforts and construction of the Wansdyke
probably takes place during
this time.
c. 469 Roman
emperor, Anthemius, appeals to Britons for military help against
Visigoths.
c. 470 Battle
of Wallop (Hampshire) where Ambrosius defeats Vitalinus, head of the opposing faction. Ambrosius assumes High-kingship of
473 Men of
477 Saxon chieftain, Aelle, lands on
(Weald). Over next nine years, Saxon coastal holdings are
gradually expanded in
c. 480 Vita Germani, the Life of St. Germanus,
is written by a continental biographer, Constantius.
c. 485 – 96
Period of Arthur's "twelve battles" during which he gains reputation
for invincibility.
486 Aelle and his sons overreach their normal territory and are
engaged by Britons at battle of Mercredesburne.
c. 490 Hengest dies. His son, Aesc,
takes over and rules for 34 years.
c. 495 Cerdic and Cynric, his son, land
somewhere on the south coast, probably near the Hampshire-Dorset border.
c. 496
Britons, under overall command of Ambrosius and
battlefield command of the "war leader" Arthur, defeat Saxons at the
Siege of
c. 496 – 550 Following the victory at
peace ensues. Corrupt leadership, more civil turmoil,
public forgetfulness and individual apathy further erode Romano-British culture
over next fifty years, making
c. 500 – 50
Spread of Celtic monasticism throughout
Theosophy
Avalon
King
Arthur &
The
Round Table
Merlin
& The Tree of Life
Merlin the Magician
Born circa 400 CE ; Welsh: Myrddin;
Latin: Merlinus;
English: Merlin.
The
Holy Grail
The Theosophy
King
Arthur Pages
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